'p' and 'q' are mirrors of each other. This is the single hardest pair in the lowercase alphabet for young learners. Use the Pakistan trick: the 'p' bump faces right because we read English left to right, and Pakistan looks ahead. For 'q', say it always carries 'u' on its back, like a queen with her crown. Practise 'p' and 'q' on the same line so the brain learns to separate them by reflex.

'p' for Pakistan. The first sound of the place you stand on. A line that goes down deep, a curve that faces forward.